Long Multiplication Calculator
Enter two numbers to see the product, plus the full step-by-step long multiplication work (partial products for each digit).
Last updated: September 5, 2026
Frequently asked questions
How does long multiplication work?
Multiply the first number by each digit of the second number separately (starting from the ones place), shifting each result left by one place value per digit, then add all those partial products together for the final answer - this calculator shows every partial product in the table.
Why do partial products get shifted left as you go?
Each digit in the second number represents a different place value (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.), so multiplying by the tens digit really means multiplying by that digit times 10 - shifting the partial product one place left accounts for that automatically.
Does this work with negative numbers?
This calculator works with the absolute (positive) value of whatever you enter, since long multiplication as a step-by-step method is defined for positive whole numbers - apply sign rules separately afterward (a result is negative if exactly one of the two numbers was negative).
How many partial products will there be?
One partial product per digit in the second number - multiplying by a 2-digit number produces 2 partial products, a 3-digit number produces 3, and so on, before they're all added together.
What's 234 × 56 using long multiplication?
234 × 6 = 1,404 (ones-digit partial product), 234 × 5 = 1,170 shifted one place left = 11,700 (tens-digit partial product). Adding them: 1,404 + 11,700 = 13,104.
Is long multiplication the same as the standard column multiplication taught in school?
Yes - 'long multiplication,' 'column multiplication,' and 'the standard algorithm' all refer to the same method of multiplying digit by digit and summing shifted partial products.